Helical Screw Anchors

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Helical screw anchors differ from other types of anchors in several key ways:

1. Installation Method

• Rotational Installation: Helical screw anchors are installed by rotation. Specialized equipment spins the anchor, which has helical plates, into the ground, much like screwing in a large screw. This is in contrast to many other anchors. For example, driven anchors are pounded into the ground using a pile driver or a sledgehammer. Gravity anchors rely on their own weight to sink into soft sediments, and drilled and grouted anchors require the creation of a drilled hole followed by the injection of grout material.
• Minimal Soil Disturbance: The rotational installation of helical screw anchors causes relatively little disruption to the surrounding soil. When compared to driven anchors, which can displace and compact large volumes of soil during driving, helical screw anchors simply cut through the soil layers, leaving the adjacent soil structure more intact. This makes them suitable for use near existing structures, utilities, or in areas where soil stability needs to be maintained.

2. Load Transfer Mechanism

• Helical Plates: Helical screw anchors have one or more helical plates along their shaft. These plates play a crucial role in load transfer. As the anchor is rotated into the ground, the helical plates bite into the soil, distributing the load over a larger surface area compared to some other anchors. Traditional straight-shafted anchors, like simple rod anchors, rely mainly on shaft friction and the end-bearing capacity at the tip. Helical screw anchors can more effectively transfer both vertical and lateral loads because of the multiple contact points provided by the helical plates.

3. Adaptability to Soil Conditions

• Wide Range of Soils: Helical screw anchors are highly adaptable. They can be used in various soil types, from soft clays and silts to dense sands and even some rocky soils with appropriate equipment and design modifications. In contrast, some anchors are more soil-type specific. For instance, gravity anchors work best in soft, muddy or sandy bottom sediments where they can easily sink due to their weight, while drilled and grouted anchors may face challenges in very loose or flowing soils as it can be difficult to maintain the integrity of the drilled hole.

4. Installation Speed and Mobility

• Quick and Portable: Helical screw anchors can often be installed relatively quickly, sometimes within hours depending on the site conditions. Their installation equipment can also be more mobile, especially for smaller, hand-held or skid-steer-mounted rotary devices. Driven anchors may require large, heavy pile drivers that are difficult to transport and set up, especially in remote or tight-access areas. Drilled and grouted anchors involve a more time-consuming process of drilling, preparing the grout, and waiting for it to cure, which can significantly slow down a project.

5. Retrievability

• Easier Retrieval: In some cases, helical screw anchors are more easily retrievable than other types. Since they are screwed into the ground, they can often be unscrewed and removed with relative ease, which is beneficial for temporary structures or when a project requires reconfiguration. Drilled and grouted anchors, once set, are extremely difficult to remove without significant excavation and destruction of the grout bond.

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