Residential Rooftop PV + Electric Vehicle Decarbonization Potential Rises Rapidly

Rooftop photovoltaics (PV) with electric vehicles have the potential to deeply decarbonize urban energy systems in a cost-effective manner. Rooftop photovoltaics for electric vehicles can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 54-95%.

We found that compared with the existing energy system, the rooftop photovoltaic system in 2020 is already cost-competitive. However, due to greater roof space and more available vehicles by 2030, the "photovoltaic + electric vehicle" system in residential buildings has rapidly increased its economic advantage relative to commercial districts. In addition, energy sharing within the region significantly increases the decarbonization potential. By 2025, the energy cost savings, payback period and internal rate of return (IRR) of residential "photovoltaic + electric vehicle" systems will reach 23%, 9 years, and 11%, respectively, and continue to increase in the following years. Carbon dioxide emissions from electricity and gasoline consumption have been reduced by 88%, and the system can meet 89% of electricity demand.

The results show that the residential “PV + EV” system is an important potential source of renewable energy generation and storage, and can also generate increasingly dispatchable electricity. Policy makers, industry, and communities should be prepared to establish these systems through regulatory reforms and demonstration projects to scale them up after 2025.

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