Screw Piles Under Existing Structure

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Screw piles under an existing structure are a type of deep foundation system. Here's a comprehensive look at what they are:

1. Definition and Design

Screw piles, also known as helical piles, are long, slender steel shafts with one or more helical blades (looking like large, thick screw threads) attached along their length. These blades act as a means of both penetration and load-bearing. Under an existing structure, they're used when there's a need to add or improve the foundation without having to extensively demolish or undermine the building already in place.

The diameter of the pile shaft and the size, number, and pitch of the helical blades are customized based on the specific project requirements. This customization allows them to adapt to different soil types, from soft clays to dense sands or gravels.

2. Installation Process

• Installation is minimally invasive. Using specialized equipment, typically hydraulic or electric torque motors, the screw pile is rotated into the ground. This rotational action allows it to penetrate the soil layers gradually, causing far less ground disturbance compared to traditional excavation methods. For an existing structure, this means that operations can often be carried out without having to relocate occupants or halt all building activities.
• The torque required to drive the pile in is carefully monitored during installation. Once a pre-determined torque value is reached, it indicates that the pile has achieved the required bearing capacity in the soil, and the installation can stop.

3. Advantages

• Speed: They can be installed relatively quickly, sometimes in a matter of hours per pile, depending on the site conditions. This rapid installation is beneficial when working around existing structures where minimizing downtime is crucial.
• Load Capacity: Screw piles are capable of supporting significant vertical and lateral loads. They transfer the load from the structure above through the helical blades to the more stable soil layers deeper underground.
• Adaptability: Their design can be adjusted for different soil profiles, and they can even be installed in areas with limited access, such as tight urban spaces or inside industrial buildings where large excavation equipment can't operate.
• Cost-Effective: By reducing the need for extensive excavation, shoring, and backfilling, screw piles can save on overall project costs, especially for retrofit or expansion projects involving existing buildings.

4. Applications

In building construction, they're used to underpin existing foundations that have started to settle or need additional support. For example, in an old industrial building where new, heavier machinery is being installed, screw piles can be added beneath key columns to handle the increased load.

They're also popular for solar panel installations, specifically for ground-mounted solar arrays. If the solar installation is being added to an already developed site, screw piles can be inserted quickly to support the panel racks without major earthworks.

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