Ground Mounted PV System

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Xiamen Grengy Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd., founded in 2007, specializes in R&D, design, manufacturing, and sales of diverse photovoltaic bracket products. Upholding the "Serve Customers and Create Value" principle, it offers high-quality, efficient, safe, and long-lasting products. With a professional and efficient R&D team, it supplies various photovoltaic bracket products of different specs and models..

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A ground-mounted PV (photovoltaic) system is a large-scale solar power installation where solar panels are placed on the ground, as opposed to on rooftops. Here are the key details:
1. Components

• Solar Panels

 <Types: There are monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film panels. Monocrystalline panels have higher efficiency, with a single crystal structure that allows electrons to flow more freely. Polycrystalline panels are made from multiple silicon fragments and are more cost-effective. Thin-film panels are lightweight and flexible, suitable for some unconventional mounting surfaces, but typically have lower efficiency.

<Function: They absorb sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity through the photovoltaic effect.

• Mounting Structures

 <Fixed Tilt: These are the simplest and most common. The panels are set at a fixed angle, typically optimized for the local latitude to capture the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the year. For example, in regions near the equator, a tilt angle close to 0° might be suitable for year-round performance, while in mid-latitudes, an angle equal to the local latitude provides good results.
 <Single-Axis Tracking: Mounting systems that can rotate on a single axis (usually horizontal or vertical). They follow the sun's movement from east to west during the day, increasing the amount of sunlight intercepted compared to fixed-tilt systems, leading to higher energy yields, often up to 25 - 35% more.
<Double-Axis Tracking: The most complex and efficient type. These systems can adjust both horizontally and vertically, precisely tracking the sun's position in the sky at all times. They can boost energy production even further, but come with higher costs due to their sophisticated mechanics.

• Inverters

 <String Inverters: Connect multiple solar panels in a series (a string) and convert the DC electricity generated by the panels into alternating current (AC) electricity. They are relatively simple and cost-effective for smaller to medium-sized ground-mounted systems.
 <Central Inverters: Used in large-scale installations. A central inverter is connected to numerous strings of panels, handling a high volume of DC power input and converting it to AC. They are more efficient in terms of cost per watt for big projects but can have single points of failure.
 <Microinverters: Installed directly on each solar panel. This allows for independent operation of each panel, optimizing the performance of individual panels even if some are shaded. They are more expensive per unit but can increase overall system efficiency in complex shading scenarios.

• Battery Storage (Optional)

 <Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used. They store excess electricity generated during the day for use during periods of low sunlight, such as at night or on cloudy days. This can help in providing a stable power supply, especially for off-grid systems or in areas with unreliable grid connections.

• 2. Site Selection

Solar Insolation: Areas with high levels of solar radiation are ideal. This typically includes regions closer to the equator, deserts, and high-altitude areas where there are fewer clouds and less atmospheric attenuation of sunlight. For example, the southwestern United States has excellent solar resources.
 <Land Characteristics
  <<Flat or gently sloping land is preferred as it simplifies the installation of mounting structures. Rocky or uneven terrain may require extensive site preparation, increasing costs.
  <<The land should have good drainage to prevent waterlogging, which can damage the panels and electrical components over time.
 <Proximity to Grid Connection (Grid-tied Systems): For systems that feed electricity into the power grid, being close to a substation or existing power lines reduces the cost of transmission infrastructure installation.
3. Installation Process
 <Site Preparation: Clearing the land of vegetation, rocks, and debris. Leveling the ground if necessary and installing a foundation for the mounting structures, which could be concrete footings, piles, or ballasted bases.
 <Mounting Structure Assembly: Erecting the chosen type of mounting structure and securing it firmly to the ground. This involves bolting, welding, or using other mechanical fasteners.
 <Panel Installation: Carefully placing the solar panels onto the mounting racks and connecting them electrically in series and parallel according to the system design.
 <Electrical Wiring: Running cables to connect the panels to the inverters, and from the inverters to the grid connection point or battery storage system. This wiring must comply with local electrical codes for safety.
 <System Testing: Before full operation, technicians conduct tests to ensure the panels are generating electricity correctly, the inverters are functioning, and all electrical connections are secure.
4. Advantages
 <Scalability: It's easy to expand ground-mounted PV systems by adding more panels and associated equipment. This makes them suitable for utility-scale power generation projects that need to grow over time.
<Efficiency: With proper orientation and tracking mechanisms, they can capture sunlight very efficiently, leading to high energy yields.
Reduced Roof Load: Unlike rooftop PV systems, there is no need to worry about the additional weight on building structures, which can be a limiting factor for some older or weaker buildings.

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